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51.
This study provided information about the benthic insect communities that are present in the impacted reaches of Haggarty Creek. 相似文献
52.
广州市河涌沉积物及底栖生物体内的重金属含量及分布 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文报道了广州市河涌沉积物及底栖生物的重金属含量及分布状况。应用 WFX- IF2型原子分光光度计对 2 1个采样点沉积物及底栖生物样品中 Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr和 Ni的含量进行了测定 ,并使用标准物作了对照分析。结果显示 :沉积物中 Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的平均含量分别为 5.61、30 2 .1 2、72 7.0 3、1 63.37、67.70、84.58μg/ g干重 ;底栖生物中 Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni的平均含量分别为 0 .78、2 9.2 0、2 68.38、1 0 .75、3.89、3.44μg/ g干重。结果表明 :广州市河涌已受到不同程度的重金属污染 ,受污染最严重的是赤岗涌、海珠涌和棠下涌。工业活动是造成污染的主要原因。河涌中的水栖寡毛类与沉积物中的重金属含量显著相关 (P<0 .0 1 ,P<0 .0 5) ,可以作为 Cu、Cr、Ni的良好指示生物。本文还探讨了将河涌污泥作为农用的可能性 相似文献
53.
54.
1 Introduction1-1 DiatomsDiatoms(ClassBacillariophyceae)arecommonandwidelydistributedinbothfreshandmarinewaters(Moser,1996).ThesemicroscopicunicellularplantsfixamajorportionoftheEarth○scarbon,generateoxygen,andsupplyfoodtoanimalswhichfeedonthem(Dixit… 相似文献
55.
阊江河1~6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物取食功能团演变特征 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
河流连续性概念(rivercontinuumconcept,RCC)将自然河流生态系统视为物理和生物的连续体,河流物理环境的梯度变化决定了生物的演变格局.为探索自然河流系统受人类干扰后大型底栖无脊椎动物的演变规律,作者于2002年5月、8月、11月对安徽省祁门县阊江河1~6级支流的大型底栖无脊椎动物进行了调查,共获7纲57科101属119种,计8813头,并详细记载了各级支流样点的栖境特点.运用“河流连续性概念”理论分析结果表明该河1~6级支流大型底栖无脊椎动物各取食功能团演变趋势符合该理论,但上游至下游的生物区系演替程度明显小于未受干扰的自然河流,1~6级支流各功能团的分布(P/%)梯度变化趋于平缓,仅捕食者数量分布与理论预测模式比较接近.各级支流相同取食功能团的优势类群各异,其种类的耐污能力随河流级别的增加总体呈上升趋势.同级支流各取食功能团的分布(P/%)比例存在季节性差异.图2表3参15 相似文献
56.
寿昌江流域及邻近山区溶岩洞穴大型水生底栖动物 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
灵栖洞、灵山洞、瑶琳洞为浙江西部山区已开发的著名观光溶岩洞穴群,灵栖洞位于寿昌江流域支流小江溪的源头附近,由灵泉、清风、霭云三洞组成,灵山洞由清虚洞、仙桥洞组成.三洞穴群内大型水生动物隶属2门3纲5目11科.灵栖洞大型水生动物群落主要由放逸短沟蜷和掌指米虾组成,灵山洞主要由硬环棱螺、放逸短沟蜷、格氏短沟蜷及水生昆虫幼体组成,瑶琳洞内主要由锯齿新米虾和扁卷螺组成.灵泉洞洞穴有光带主要分布有掌指米虾和放逸短沟蜷,弱光带主要分布有锯齿新米虾、掌指米虾和硬环棱螺,黑暗带主要分布有锯齿新米虾、掌指米虾和扁卷螺,灵泉洞有光带动物种类的多样性、均匀度指数最高,分别为0.9832和0.6109,黑暗带最低,分别为0.0983和0.1418;优势度在黑暗带最高,其值为0.6250.表3参18 相似文献
57.
Coal-Mine Hollow Fill and Settling Pond Influences on Headwater Streams in Southern West Virginia, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Merricks TC Cherry DS Zipper CE Currie RJ Valenti TW 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):359-378
The influences of coal-mine hollow fills and associated settling ponds in three headwater streams were assessed in southern
West Virginia, USA. Fill drainage waters had elevated conductivities and metal concentrations, compared to a regional reference.
Benthic macroinvertebrate richness was not affected consistently by the hollow fill drainages, relative to a regional reference,
although a more tolerant community, lacking in Ephemeroptera taxa at most locations, was evident. Collector-filterer populations were elevated at monitoring stations directly below the
settling ponds, indicating that the ponds’ presence influenced macroinvertebrate community structure by means of organic enrichment.
Corbicula fluminea growth was enhanced in monitoring locations directly below the settling ponds, also an apparent result of organic enrichment.
Results of acute water column toxicity testing with Ceriodaphnia dubia, sediment chronic toxicity testing with Daphnia magna, and in-situ ecotoxicological assessments with C. fluminea demonstrated no mortality or toxic influence at most of the sites tested below the ponds. The settling ponds appear to serve
as sinks in collecting some, but not all, trace metals. 相似文献
58.
Methods development and use of macroinvertebrates as indicators of ecological conditions for streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Klemm DJ Blocksom KA Thoeny WT Fulk FA Herlihy AT Kaufmann PR Cormier SM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,78(2):169-212
The Mid-Atlantic Highlands Assessment (MAHA) included the sampling of macroinvertebrates from 424 wadeable stream sites to determine status and trends, biological conditions, and water quality in first through third order streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region (MAHR) of the United States in 1993–1995. We identified reference and impaired sites using water chemistry and habitat criteria and evaluated a set of candidate macroinvertebrate metrics using a stepwise process. This process examined several metric characteristics, including ability of metrics to discriminate reference and impaired sites, relative scope of impairment, correlations with chemical and habitat indicators of stream disturbance, redundancy with other metrics, and within-year variability. Metrics that performed well were compared with metrics currently being used by three states in the region: Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Some of the metrics used by these states did not perform well when evaluated using regional data, while other metrics used by all three states in some form, specifically number of taxa, number of EPT taxa, and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, performed well overall. Reasons for discrepancies between state and regional evaluations of metrics are explored. We also provide a set of metrics that, when used in combination, may provide a useful assessment of stream conditions in the MAHR. 相似文献
59.
An investigation of the impacts from elevated intertidal Pacific oyster culture in a New Zealand estuary showed enhanced sedimentation
beneath culture racks compared with other sites. Seabed elevation beneath racks was generally lower than between them, suggesting
that topographic patterns more likely result from a local effect of rack structures on hydrodynamic processes than from enhanced
deposition. Compared with control sites, seabed sediments within the farm had a greater silt/clay and organic content, and
a lower redox potential and shear strength. While a marked trend in macrofaunal species richness was not evident, species
composition and dominance patterns were consistent with a disturbance gradient, with farm effects not evident 35 m from the
perimeter of the racks. Of the environmental variables measured, sediment shear strength was most closely associated with
the distribution and density of macrofauna, suggesting that human-induced disturbance from farming operations may have contributed
to the biological patterns. To evaluate the taxonomic sufficiency needed to document impacts, aggregation to the family level
based on Linnean classification was compared with an aggregation scheme based on `general groups' identifiable with limited
taxonomic expertise. Compared with species-level analyses, spatial patterns of impact were equally discernible at both aggregation
levels used, provided density rather than presence/absence data were used. Once baseline conditions are established and the
efficacy of taxonomic aggregation demonstrated, a `general group' scheme provides an appropriate and increasingly relevant
tool for routine monitoring. 相似文献
60.
Hyland JL Balthis WL Engle VD Long ER Paul JF Summers JK Van Dolah RF 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):149-161
Synoptic data on concentrations of sediment-associated chemical contaminants and benthic macroinfaunal community structure were collected from 1,389 stations in estuaries along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts as part of the nationwide Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP). These data were used to develop an empirical framework for evaluating risks of benthic community-level effects within different ranges of sediment contamination from mixtures of multiple chemicals present at varying concentrations. Sediment contamination was expressed as the mean ratio of individual chemical concentrations relative to corresponding sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), including Effects Range-Median (ERM) and Probable Effects Level (PEL) values. Benthic condition was assessed using diagnostic, multi-metric indices developed for each of three EMAP provinces (Virginian, Carolinian, and Louisianian). Cumulative percentages of stations with a degraded benthic community were plotted against ascending values of the mean ERM and PEL quotients. Based on the observed relationships, mean SQG quotients were divided into four ranges corresponding to either a low, moderate, high, or very high incidence of degraded benthic condition. Results showed that condition of the ambient benthic community provides a reliable and sensitive indicator for evaluating the biological significance of sediment-associated stressors. Mean SQG quotients marking the beginning of the contaminant range associated with the highest incidence of benthic impacts (73–100% of samples, depending on the province and type of SQG) were well below those linked to high risks of sediment toxicity as determined by short-term toxicity tests with single species. Measures of the ambient benthic community reflect the sensitivities of multiple species and life stages to persistent exposures under actual field conditions. Similar results were obtained with preliminary data from the west coast (Puget Sound). 相似文献